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2dust/v2rayNG

A V2Ray client for Android, support Xray core and v2fly core

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Kotlin
★ 65,882
commit 141059d98402
scored 2026-11-14
scoring prov-5+qual-2+sec-2

AI provenance

explicit

Confidence: 95%
Coverage: 100%

Estimated share of AI-generated code. Explicit attribution is a lower bound.

Code quality

70/100

adequate

Confidence: 90%
Coverage: 100%

Complexity, duplication, lint density, tests, CI, docs and review process.

Security

68/100

weak

Confidence: 85%
Coverage: 100%

Secrets, static analysis, vulnerable dependencies, CI and supply-chain posture.

Dispute or request a re-score Full report JSON

AI provenance

6% explicit

Explicit AI attribution on 6% of first-party code added; an estimated 6% including velocity signals.

How the score is built

Explicitly attributed share6%
Unattributed share in AI-pace bursts0%
Estimated AI-generated share6%
AI tool configuration files8
Work sessions at AI pace0
Releases at AI pace0
Coding-style index (1.0+ means possible)0.10

Attributed AI tools

Tool	Commits	Lines added	First seen	Last seen
OpenAI Codex	40	3,722	2026-07-17	2026-11-10
GitHub Copilot coding agent	14	628	2025-12-24	2026-06-14
Claude Code	6	115	2026-09-21	2026-10-01

Lines added per month all AI-attributed share

2023-017,942 · 0% AI
2023-02128 · 0% AI
2023-0397 · 0% AI
2023-0482 · 0% AI
2023-05348 · 0% AI
2023-070 · 0% AI
2023-08246 · 0% AI
2023-0915 · 0% AI
2023-11129 · 0% AI
2023-12133 · 0% AI
2024-01338 · 0% AI
2024-021,051 · 0% AI
2024-03152 · 0% AI
2024-04973 · 0% AI
2024-051,338 · 0% AI
2024-06338 · 0% AI
2024-07370 · 0% AI
2024-081,900 · 0% AI
2024-092,385 · 0% AI
2024-102,169 · 0% AI
2024-111,608 · 0% AI
2024-12309 · 0% AI
2025-01274 · 0% AI
2025-0223 · 0% AI
2025-034,100 · 0% AI
2025-041,776 · 0% AI
2025-05196 · 0% AI
2025-06175 · 0% AI
2025-07332 · 0% AI
2025-08687 · 0% AI
2025-0912 · 0% AI
2025-1034 · 0% AI
2025-11136 · 0% AI
2025-12418 · 2% AI
2026-014,752 · 0% AI
2026-021,050 · 0% AI
2026-03471 · 0% AI
2026-041,904 · 25% AI
2026-054,893 · 0% AI
2026-061,269 · 11% AI
2026-0718,460 · 6% AI
2026-084,338 · 49% AI
2026-091,843 · 18% AI
2026-101,156 · 15% AI
2026-111,879 · 4% AI

Findings in AI-attributed lines vs the rest

From git blame: 2,697 lines trace to AI-attributed commits, 28,411 to others. Reported, not scored.

Findings per 1,000 lines	AI-attributed	Other	Ratio
Code quality	0.00	0.07	0.00×
Security	0.00	0.07	0.00×

Evidence by analyzer

Explicit AI attributionok28 items

attributed_commit_share: 3.5%
attributed_commits: 60
attributed_loc: 4,465
attributed_loc_share: 6.2%
commits: 1,704
effective_loc: 72,229
tools_detected: 3

AI tool configurationok8 items

artifacts: 8
earliest_adoption: 2026-08-29
tools_configured: 4
workflow_agents: 0

Commit velocityok

excluded_import_loc: 20,236
flagged_loc: 0
flagged_loc_share: 0.0%
flagged_units: 0
max_loc_per_hour: 362.34
measured_loc: 51,993
median_loc_per_hour: 41
pr_timed_units: 302
pre_ai_era_burst_loc: 0
pre_ai_era_bursts: 0
pre_ai_era_measured_loc: 0
work_units: 917

Release velocityok

flagged_releases: 0
max_loc_per_day: 637.90
releases: 99

Coding styleok3 items

count:assistant_voice: 0
count:emoji_in_code: 0
count:narrated_steps: 3
count:placeholder: 0
files:assistant_voice: 0
files:emoji_in_code: 0
files:narrated_steps: 2
files:placeholder: 0
index: 0.10
lines_scanned: 31,108
per_kloc:assistant_voice: 0
per_kloc:emoji_in_code: 0
per_kloc:narrated_steps: 0.10
per_kloc:placeholder: 0

Findings in AI-written linesok

ai_lines: 2,697
blame_failures: 0
files_blamed: 198
other_lines: 28,411
quality:ai_findings: 0
quality:ai_per_kloc: 0
quality:other_findings: 2
quality:other_per_kloc: 0.07
quality:ratio: 0
security:ai_findings: 0
security:ai_per_kloc: 0
security:other_findings: 2
security:other_per_kloc: 0.07
security:ratio: 0

Code quality

70 adequate

Code quality is adequate: test-to-source ratio 0.08, no CI test run detected; 8% of function code in complex or long functions; 6% duplicated lines. Weakest area: testing.

How the score is built

Complexity80
Duplication72
Lint and smells100
Tests and CI44
Documentation65
Type safetynot measured
Review process80

Evidence by analyzer

Complexity (lizard)ok10 items

complex_functions: 9
function_nloc: 15,915
functions: 1,209
long_functions: 6
many_param_functions: 7
mean_ccn: 2.70
p90_ccn: 5
risky_nloc_share: 7.6%

Duplication (jscpd)ok10 items

compared_lines: 19,315
duplicated_lines: 1,082
duplicated_share: 5.6%
files: 198

Lintok

category:correctness: 2
findings: 2
scanned_lines: 31,108
weighted_findings: 0.50

Tests and CIok2 items

CI config: .github/workflows/build.yml .github/workflows/build.yml
CI config: .github/workflows/fastlane.yml .github/workflows/fastlane.yml

check:ci_present: yes
check:ci_runs_lint: no
check:ci_runs_tests: no
check:has_tests: yes
check:test_ratio: no
check:tests_cochange: no
ci_files: 2
cochange_commits: 234
cochange_share: 12.4%
source_lines: 31,108
test_lines: 2,367
test_ratio: 0.08

Documentationok2 items

README.md README.md
LICENSE LICENSE

check:changelog: no
check:contributing: no
check:license: yes
check:readme: yes
readme_lines: 56

Type safetyskipped

Security

68 weak

Security posture is weak: 16 high-severity workflow issues. Weakest area: ci actions.

How the score is built

Secrets97
Static analysis (SAST)99
Vulnerable dependenciesnot measured
CI workflows4
Security posture60
OpenSSF Scorecard34

Evidence by analyzer

OpenSSF Scorecardok13 items

aggregate: 4.70
check:Binary-Artifacts: yes
check:Branch-Protection: no
check:CII-Best-Practices: no
check:Code-Review: yes
check:Dangerous-Workflow: yes
check:Fuzzing: no
check:License: yes
check:Maintained: yes
check:Pinned-Dependencies: no
check:SAST: no
check:Security-Policy: no
check:Signed-Releases: yes
check:Token-Permissions: no

Package registriesskipped

no registry dependencies declared

Secrets (gitleaks)ok

secrets_current: 0
secrets_history: 0
secrets_low_confidence: 1
secrets_nonprod: 0

Static analysis (opengrep)ok

findings: 2
findings_high: 0
findings_low: 0
findings_medium: 2
parse_errors: 1
scanned_lines: 31,108
weighted_findings: 0.50

Dependencies (osv-scanner)skipped

CI workflows (zizmor)ok

findings: 22
findings_high: 16
findings_low: 4
findings_medium: 2
penalty: 199
workflows: 2

Security postureok1 item

Dependency updates: .github/dependabot.yml .github/dependabot.yml

check:dependency_updates: yes
check:lockfiles: yes
check:security_policy: no
check:signed_commits: yes
signed_commit_share: 63.0%
unpinned_manifests: 0

Release downloadsok6 items

binary_assets: 100
signals: 2
suspicious: 0

Findings

16 high4 medium5 low2 info

Severity	Rule	Location	Message	Tool
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:105	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:112	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:119	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:126	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:139	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/excessive-permissions`	.github/workflows/build.yml:14	overly broad permissions [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:157	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:22	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:28	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:46	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:58	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:76	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:84	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/build.yml:90	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:14	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:16	unpinned action reference [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
medium	`zizmor/dependabot-cooldown`	.github/dependabot.yml:3	insufficient cooldown in Dependabot updates [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)
medium	`zizmor/excessive-permissions`	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:11	overly broad permissions [confidence medium]	CI workflows (zizmor)
medium	`opengrep/kotlin.lang.security.unencrypted-socket`	V2rayNG/app/src/main/java/com/v2ray/ang/handler/SpeedtestManager.kt:33	This socket is not encrypted. The traffic could be read by an attacker intercepting the network traffic. Use an SSLSocket created by 'SSLSocketFactory' or 'SSLServerSocketFactory' instead [confidence low]	Static analysis (opengrep)
medium	`opengrep/kotlin.lang.security.unencrypted-socket`	V2rayNG/app/src/main/java/com/v2ray/ang/util/Utils.kt:414	This socket is not encrypted. The traffic could be read by an attacker intercepting the network traffic. Use an SSLSocket created by 'SSLSocketFactory' or 'SSLServerSocketFactory' instead [confidence low]	Static analysis (opengrep)
low	`opengrep/bash.lang.correctness.unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command`	compile-hevtun.sh:103	Variable expansions must be double-quoted so as to prevent being split into multiple pieces according to whitespace or whichever separator is specified by the IFS variable. If you really wish to split the variable's contents, you may...	Lint
low	`opengrep/bash.lang.correctness.unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command`	compile-hevtun.sh:15	Variable expansions must be double-quoted so as to prevent being split into multiple pieces according to whitespace or whichever separator is specified by the IFS variable. If you really wish to split the variable's contents, you may...	Lint
low	`zizmor/artipacked`	.github/workflows/build.yml:21	credential persistence through GitHub Actions artifacts [confidence low]	CI workflows (zizmor)
low	`zizmor/artipacked`	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:14	credential persistence through GitHub Actions artifacts [confidence low]	CI workflows (zizmor)
low	`gitleaks/generic-api-key`	V2rayNG/app/src/main/res/xml/pref_settings.xml:51	Possible generic-api-key secret in history (commit 7aa27fd3de); removed from the current tree but still retrievable	Secrets (gitleaks)
info	`zizmor/template-injection`	.github/workflows/build.yml:102	code injection via template expansion [confidence low]	CI workflows (zizmor)
info	`zizmor/superfluous-actions`	.github/workflows/build.yml:157	action functionality is already included by the runner [confidence high]	CI workflows (zizmor)

Tools and coverage

Every analyzer that ran on this commit. A failed or skipped tool is a coverage gap: its share of the score is left out and the coverage figure drops.

Analyzer	Pillar	Status	Version	Findings	Note
AI tool configuration	AI provenance	ok	`signatures-v1`	0
Explicit AI attribution	AI provenance	ok	`signatures-v1`	0
Release velocity	AI provenance	ok	`prov-5`	0
Coding style	AI provenance	ok	`—`	0
Commit velocity	AI provenance	ok	`prov-5`	0
Findings in AI-written lines	AI provenance	ok	`git-blame`	0
Complexity (lizard)	Code quality	ok	`lizard 1.25.1`	0
Documentation	Code quality	ok	`—`	0
Duplication (jscpd)	Code quality	ok	`repotrust-dup-w6`	0
Lint	Code quality	ok	`opengrep 1.33.1; rules f1d2b562b414`	2
Tests and CI	Code quality	ok	`—`	0
Type safety	Code quality	skipped	`—`	0
CI workflows (zizmor)	Security	ok	`zizmor 1.32.0`	22
Dependencies (osv-scanner)	Security	skipped	`—`	0
Release downloads	Security	ok	`—`	0
Security posture	Security	ok	`—`	0
Package registries	Security	skipped	`—`	0	no registry dependencies declared
Static analysis (opengrep)	Security	ok	`opengrep 1.33.1; rules f1d2b562b414`	2
OpenSSF Scorecard	Security	ok	`scorecard v5.6.0`	0
Secrets (gitleaks)	Security	ok	`gitleaks 8.30.1`	1

Score history

Scored	Commit	Scoring	AI provenance	Quality	Security
2026-11-14	`141059d98402`	`prov-5+qual-2+sec-2`	6%	70	68

Embed a badge

Maintainers can show these in a README. Badges update when the repository is re-scored.

[![RepoTrust ai](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/badge/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/ai.svg)](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/r/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/)

[![RepoTrust quality](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/badge/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/quality.svg)](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/r/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/)

[![RepoTrust security](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/badge/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/security.svg)](https://repotrust.synapticcyber.com/r/github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/)

Full text report

Repository: https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG
Commit: 141059d98402bb353400a42fce9d2ec8447cd70f
Generated: 2026-11-14T15:06:03+00:00
Scorer 0.1.0, scoring prov-5+qual-2+sec-2, report schema v2

Scores

Pillar	Score	Signal	Confidence	Coverage
AI provenance (estimated AI-generated share)	6	explicit	95%	100%
Code quality	70	adequate	90%	100%
Security	68	weak	85%	100%

AI provenance

Explicit AI attribution on 6% of first-party code added; an estimated 6% including velocity signals.

Explicitly attributed share (lower bound): 6.2%
Unattributed share in AI-consistent velocity bursts: 0.0%
Estimated AI-generated share: 6.2%

AI tool	Attributed commits	Lines added
OpenAI Codex	40	3,722
GitHub Copilot coding agent	14	628
Claude Code	6	115

AI tooling configured in repo: claude-code, gemini, generic-agent, github-copilot

Current source lines last changed by AI-attributed commits: 2,697 of 31,108.

Findings per 1,000 lines	AI-attributed	Other	Ratio
Quality	0.0	0.07	0.0x
Security	0.0	0.07	0.0x

Stylometry index: 0.10 per 1,000 lines (narrated steps 3, placeholders 0, assistant phrasing 0, emoji 0). Reported as a signal, not scored.

Month	Lines added	Attributed to AI
2025-12	418	2%
2026-01	4,752	0%
2026-02	1,050	0%
2026-03	471	0%
2026-04	1,904	25%
2026-05	4,893	0%
2026-06	1,269	11%
2026-07	18,460	6%
2026-08	4,338	49%
2026-09	1,843	18%
2026-10	1,156	15%
2026-11	1,879	4%

Evidence

OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/bump-gson-2.15.0' (a66365cf2083)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/bump-agp-9.5.0' (9a7df0d0f9bf)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/bump-okhttp-5.5.1' (0d1c57000f0e)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/update-hev-socks5-tunnel-2.19.2' (0f961c54c8c9)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/update-setup-java-6.1.0' (6214bc19d413)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/update-gradle-9.8.2' (3165bcf4fe6e)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/update-hev-socks5-tunnel-2.19.0' (552cc2425d55)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/fix-policy-group-routing-fallback' (6fe3893bfd37)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (e151890c559f)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (04d407f5a1e9)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (5029d75475df)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (85b1f694c9d9)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (c63e18b751e8)
OpenAI Codex: PR branch 'codex/lint-errors' (89f53233cb69)
Claude Code: trailer 'Co-authored-by: Claude' (08c2a4deb1a7)

AI provenance describes how code was produced; it is not a quality judgment. Unless attribution is explicit, these are signals consistent with AI generation, not proof. Squash/rebase workflows, imported code, and rewritten history reduce accuracy.

Code quality

Code quality is adequate: test-to-source ratio 0.08, no CI test run detected; 8% of function code in complex or long functions; 6% duplicated lines. Weakest area: testing.

Area	Score
Complexity (lizard)	80
Duplication	72
Code smells (Opengrep)	100
Tests and CI	44
Documentation	65
Type safety	n/a
Process (Scorecard review/maintenance)	80

Functions: 1,209; mean complexity 2.7, 90th percentile 5; 9 complex and 6 long functions
Duplicated lines: 5.6% of 19,315 compared
Tests: 2,367 test lines for 31,108 source lines (ratio 0.08); CI test commands: none detected; 12% of recent source commits also change tests
Docs missing or thin: contributing, changelog

Most complex functions:

Security

Security posture is weak: 16 high-severity workflow issues. Weakest area: ci actions.

Area	Score
Secrets (gitleaks, tree + history)	97
Static analysis (Opengrep)	99
Vulnerable dependencies (OSV)	n/a
CI workflows (zizmor)	4
Posture (policy, updates, signing, lockfiles)	60
OpenSSF Scorecard	34

Posture checks passed: dependency updates, signed commits, lockfiles; missing: security policy
OpenSSF Scorecard aggregate: 4.7/10 (published 2026-11-09)

Top findings

Severity	Finding	Location
high	`zizmor/excessive-permissions`: overly broad permissions [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:14
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:22
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:28
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:46
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:58
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:76
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:84
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:90
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:105
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:112
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:119
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:126
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:139
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:157
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:14
high	`zizmor/unpinned-uses`: unpinned action reference [confidence high]	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:16
medium	`opengrep/kotlin.lang.security.unencrypted-socket`: This socket is not encrypted. The traffic could be read by an attacker intercepting the network traffic. Use an SSLSocket created by 'SSLSocketFactory' or 'SSLServerSocketFactory' instead [confidence low]	V2rayNG/app/src/main/java/com/v2ray/ang/handler/SpeedtestManager.kt:33
medium	`opengrep/kotlin.lang.security.unencrypted-socket`: This socket is not encrypted. The traffic could be read by an attacker intercepting the network traffic. Use an SSLSocket created by 'SSLSocketFactory' or 'SSLServerSocketFactory' instead [confidence low]	V2rayNG/app/src/main/java/com/v2ray/ang/util/Utils.kt:414
medium	`zizmor/dependabot-cooldown`: insufficient cooldown in Dependabot updates [confidence high]	.github/dependabot.yml:3
medium	`zizmor/excessive-permissions`: overly broad permissions [confidence medium]	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:11
low	`gitleaks/generic-api-key`: Possible generic-api-key secret in history (commit 7aa27fd3de); removed from the current tree but still retrievable	V2rayNG/app/src/main/res/xml/pref_settings.xml:51
low	`zizmor/artipacked`: credential persistence through GitHub Actions artifacts [confidence low]	.github/workflows/build.yml:21
low	`zizmor/artipacked`: credential persistence through GitHub Actions artifacts [confidence low]	.github/workflows/fastlane.yml:14
info	`zizmor/template-injection`: code injection via template expansion [confidence low]	.github/workflows/build.yml:102
info	`zizmor/superfluous-actions`: action functionality is already included by the runner [confidence high]	.github/workflows/build.yml:157

Static signals only: the scorer never runs the project's code. Secret findings are pattern matches that were not verified, and secret values are never stored.

Distribution signals

binary-release-asset: release 2.4.0 ships v2rayNG_2.4.0-fdroid_arm64-v8a.apk (7423 downloads)
binary-release-asset: release 2.4.0 ships v2rayNG_2.4.0-fdroid_armeabi-v7a.apk (473 downloads)
binary-release-asset: release 2.4.0 ships v2rayNG_2.4.0-fdroid_universal.apk (813 downloads)
binary-release-asset: release 2.4.0 ships v2rayNG_2.4.0-fdroid_x86.apk (106 downloads)
binary-release-asset: release 2.4.0 ships v2rayNG_2.4.0-fdroid_x86_64.apk (123 downloads)
readme-download-lure: links to file hosts or shorteners: t.me/

Signals consistent with a repository that exists to distribute a download. They are heuristics, not a verdict; release files were not downloaded or inspected.

Repository profile

Source lines: 31,108; test lines: 2,367

Language	Lines
Kotlin	33,372
Shell	103